Everything in Linux is file
There are following type of files-
Regular files – Images/scripts/configuration and Data files
Directory – Type of files which saves other files and directories
Special files – have other types
- Character Files – Represent devices – like Mouse and keyboards
- Block Files – Represent block devices that writes data in chunk to the devices like HDD and RAM
- Links – Hard links and Soft Links
- Socket Files – enables the commnuication between 2 process
- Named Pipes – passes data from one process to another
Use file command to get the file type-
file <<filename>>
Use ls -ld command to get the file type-
ls -ld firstfile.txt
First character represents the file type
| Identifier | File Type |
| d | Directory |
| – | Regular File |
| c | Character Device |
| l | Lin |
| s | Socket File |
| p | Pipe |
| b | Block Device |
Filesystem Hierarchy
/- Root Partition
/opt – any third party program should be put in this directory
/mnt- mounts the file system from external network temporary to this folder
/tmp- copy any temporary files to this location
/media – copy any media files in this folder
/dev – contains the file character device file like external devices like mouse and keyboard
/bin – basic programs and binaries are located in this directory
/etc – configuration files
/lib and /lib64 – contains shared libraries
/usr – user related data reside in this folder
/var – system writes data such as logs